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The influence of selected synthesis parameters on the structural and functional properties of nanocrystalline titania
Rozman, Nejc ...
Electrical, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline titania depend on particle size, phase composition, microstructure, and chemical composition. Anatase and mixtures of anatase and ...rutile are most commonly usedin photocatalytic applications [1]. Rutile has a narrower band gap than anatase and is photocatalytically active already under visible light irradiation. The mixture of the two species has been proven most photocatalytically active [2]. We have studied the influence of selected synthesis parameters on certain key properties (phase composition, specific surface area, microstructure and photocatalytic activity) of the nanocrystalline titania that influence its photoactivity. In order to produce the most photocatalytically active titania, especially in visual light spectrum, we have varied parameters such as the type of precursor, pH, isopropanol addition and starting (precursor) concentration. Additionaly various dopants were incorporated into the titania. The morphology and size ofparticles were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), phases were identified using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), specific surface area of the powders was measured using a BET surface area analyzer and photocatalytic activity was quantitatively evaluated through the monitoring of degradation of a model organic polutant isopropanol in a sealed reactor system utilizing FTIR spectroscopy. The results have shown that pH value, starting concentration, and isopropanol addition to the reaction mixture before heating have a significant effect on the anatase:rutile ratio and consequently on morphology and particle size. These characteristics of titania particles directly affect their photocatalytic activity. Additionaly it has been found that doping with different ions considerably increases photocatalytic activity under visible light. By varying the anatase:rutile ratio and by doping, photocatalysts with significant activity in the visible light can be tailored.
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