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Developmental and time-related trends of anxiety from childhood to early adolescence : two-wave cohort study
Kozina, Ana, 1980-
Research on developmental and time-related trends (cohort effects) of anxiety is important for the assessment of anxiety levels that are not in line with expected developmental trends, and are in ...need of intervention. We present theresults of a large cross-sectional, two-wave cohort study for anxiety for emotional and cognitive components of anxiety, respectively. We measured anxiety using the Lestvica Anksioznosti za Otroke in Mladostnike [LAOM (Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents)] anxiety scale (general trait anxiety, and two cognitive components and one emotional component) in two age groups: 10-year-olds (N 4351; 2621 males and 2663 females), and 14-year-olds(N= 4043; 2545 males and 2569 females) over a 4-year period (2007-2011). The results of threeway analysis of variance showed significant gender, age and cohort effects with significant age X gender interaction effects (n2=0.002) and age X cohort effects (n2=0.000). The effect sizesare small. As expected, females showed higher levels of anxiety and, in line with developmental trends, 14-year-olds showed higher levels of anxiety compared with 10-year-olds. The time-related trends (cohort effects) show a significant increase in anxiety and its components from 2007 to 2011. The effect sizes are small, with cohort effect being the largest one (.07 d .34) and larger effect sizes generally in 14-year-olds than in 10-yearolds. The implications of the findings are discussed, and in line with the results early intervention is supported.
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