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Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptotic-like cell death in Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) in a dose-dependent manner
Ding, Yi, kemik ...
We investigated the capability of Microcystis aeruginosa to cause apoptosis bypursuing morphological, molecular and physiological characteristics after exposure to H202. Microcystis proliferation was ...only weakly affected after exposure to 150 &mgr;M H202 but cell numbers decreased dramatically after exposures of 250 and 325 &mgr;M H202. Cells exposed to 250 and 325 jiM H202 were examined using transmission electron microscopy, and they exhibited membrane deformation and partial disintegration of thylakoids. Correspondingly, fluorescence imaging of DNA by Hoechst 33342 staining revealed the condensation of nucleoid chromatin. Moreover, cellular injury wasconcomitant with dramatic decreases in photosynthetic efficiency (ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm], maximum electron transport rate [ETRmax]) and elevated caspase-3-like activity after exposure of 250 and 325 &mgr;M H202. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Deoxyuridine5-triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) positive staining appeared in cells exposed to 250 &mgr; and 325 &mgr;M H202, and the percentagestaining increased with increasing H202 concentration. These data suggested that M. aeruginosa exposed to H202 underwent an apoptotic event. Additionally, cells exposed to H202 had increased cytoplasmic vacuolation and nontypical DNA laddering. Increased caspase-3-like activity was not inhibited in the presence of the synthetic caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[0-methyl]-fluoromethylketone. Therefore, H202 induced apoptotic-like cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results provided a novel mechanism for explaining cyanobacterialbloom dynamics in response to environmental stress. The results also contributed to the understanding of the origin and evolution of programmed cell death.
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