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  • Calcium phosphate as a biomaterial and its use in biomedical applications
    Hribar, Gorazd, 1980- ; Žnidaršič, Andrej, kemik, 1985- ; Maver, Uroš, 1983-
    Calcium phosphate (CaP) based biomaterials are similar to bone mineral in composition and in some properties such as biodegradability, bioactivity, osteoinductive properties (achieved by appropriate ... geometry topography or combining with growth factors or bioactive proteins) and protein adhesion. This makes them a popular choice as a substitute material that can be used forteeth or bone replacement, bone repair, augmentation or regeneration. CaPs by themselves lack mechanical properties for bone replacement. Two different approaches of how to tackle this problem have been pursued. The first is to use CaPs as coatings on titanium and titanium alloy implants to combine the bioactivity of the CaP and the strength of the metal (for bone implants). The second approach tries to emulate properties of natural bone and form a complexmatrix of organic and inorganic compounds where the inorganic phase is most often CaP based. Challenges in development of CaP are to determine the appropriate combination of microporosity and macroporosity to optimize the ability to entrap and concentrate osteogenic factors and to design a reproducible synthesis method. For the materials with added growth factors or bioactive material, optimal scaffold must be chosen and appropriate release ofthese factors must be achieved for maximum efficiency. The main challenge for calcium phosphate cements as a drug delivery system is synthesis at an industrial scale. An additional problem is that infections are caused by various types of bacteria, therefore a system that could be combined with manydifferent drugs and appropriate could be chosen just before implantation. This is very difficult to achieve since various drugs have various effects on calcium phosphate cements. Calcium phosphate also shows potential in other biomedical applications. The most used application of calcium phosphate materials is as components for the reparation of impaired hard tissues, which makes them an excellent material or carrier for local and controlled supply ofdifferent drugs. Several studies were performed, where calcium phosphates were used as carriers for antibiotics, different anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs, different growth factors and other proteins. Since calcium phosphate can efficiently bind to the phosphate backbone of nucleic acids, it has been used as carrier for nucleic acids for more than 35 years. One of the important fields, where calcium phosphate is already used and where its use will expand is also being an efficient adjuvant in vaccination. Regarding thelast data, phosphate particles, besides its role as replacement biomaterials, also show potential as a delivery system for biological molecules.
    Source: Phosphates : sources, properties and applications (Str. 43-81)
    Type of material - article, component part ; adult, serious
    Publish date - 2012
    Language - english
    COBISS.SI-ID - 512245816

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